The construction of modern chassis in automobiles is becoming increasingly complex. At the same time, owners of newer vehicle models also expect the best possible driving comfort, even on uneven roads.
Thus, rubber to metal parts are becoming more and more important. They are especially used with multi-link axle constructions as elastic joints between chassis and body.
Rubber to metal parts absorb the vibrations of the road and drivetrain units that occur during driving and thus contribute significantly to increased driving comfort and sound insulation. In addition, they ensure driving safety by improving steering performance and driving stability when the road is uneven, as well as braking and avoiding manoeuvres.
febi offers one of the broadest ranges in the field of rubber to metal in the spare parts market - of course, in tested OE matching quality. The assortment ranges from various bearings such as suspension struts, cross-link and stabiliser bearings, through joint discs to motor bearings. With our many years of know-how, we can reliably meet the highest standards.
All febi components included within the Rubber to Metal range have one important function in common – they all reduce noise and vibration to support the most comfortable and safest way of driving a passenger car.
By dampening vibrations, passenger car owners will continuously be satisfied as their vehicle will drive smooth. The result is ‚Good Vibes‘ for the driver and for the passengers as well.
Noise is defined as an unpleasant or disruptive sound that causes some sort of disturbance, such as the rattling of a worn bearing.
Sound An operating part can create sound, which is related to its frequency of operation or mass, the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. For example, the squeaking noise from a faulty suspension bush would be a high pitch sound compared with the low pitch droning noise from a failing wheel bearing.
Vibration is defined as the off-putting, repetitive motion of an object, such as a tyre out of balance which causes the steering wheel to oscillate at certain driven speeds.
Vehicle vibration consists of three elements, a source component, transfer path and a responding component. For example.
Source – Vibration from the engine.
Transfer path – Exhaust mountings.
Responding component – interior trim.
These vibrations which are caused by a failing or faulty part are sounds detected by humans using different senses, they are sometimes thought of as separate phenomena. This is incorrect, they are in fact the same. Sound waves are vibrations you are able to hear, whereas vibration is a sound you can feel. Both are measured in hertz.
Hertz (Hz)
Hertz is a unit of measure equal to the number of cycles completed in a second. A cycle can be described as an object moving from a rest state and returning back to rest. The number of times this cycle occurs in one second is the frequency, measured in hertz. Vibrations between 0-20 Hz are felt by humans. The vibrations between 20-200 Hz can be felt and heard, whilst vibrations between 200-20,000 Hz can only be heard, but not felt. Vibrations above 20,000 Hz are classed as ultrasonic, and are out of the range of a human ear.
Energy
Every object has a natural frequency, partly determined by its mass. Generally the larger the mass of an object, the lower the natural frequency that object has. When the frequency of a forced vibration on an object matches the natural frequency of that object, we experience resonance. Resonance occurs when an external force causes an object to oscillate with a greater amplitude at its specific natural frequency.
Harshness is more difficult to define as this is very subjective. However, it could be defined as a sudden, aggressive feeling, such as the response from the vehicle’s suspension when driving into a pothole.
Countermeasures by febi
Vehicle manufacturers use a variety of Rubber to Metal based insulators to act as a countermeasure to vibration. The use of different types of rubber due to the properties of the elastomeric material determines which insulator is used to counteract the frequency, pitch and energy that is produced by each component.
When replacing any mounting or insulator, it is important to consider what it is made of, and how it is constructed, as these factors can dramatically affect the vehicles natural feel and driving behaviour. The stiffness or rigidity of an insulator affects the natural frequency. The stiffer the insulator means it would give a higher natural frequency, giving a more dynamic, but “harsh” feedback. The more flexible the insulator the lower natural frequency giving a more typical, “insulated” feedback.
Vehicle design always evolves. The desire for non-intrusive suspension systems that do not impact on the vehicles interior require the use of a suspension subframe. These subframes are formed from tubular steel or aluminium and are mounted to the vehicles body using rubber-metal bushes.
The suspension Strut Top Mounting is a bonded rubber bush, which is mounted to the top of the damper and fixed to the vehicles chassis. This is an integral part of the suspension strut assembly. Strut Mountings can also incorporate a bearing or a bearing plate which allows the strut to turn with the steered wheels.
The elastomeric materials used in the production of rubber-metal parts are matched precisely to the technical requirements and loads of their specific fitting position. Despite all of this, passive rubbermetal components cannot absorb all of the vibrations within the chassis. As a result, hydraulically dampening elastomeric bearing “Hydromounts” were developed, which enable the isolating and dampening of vibrations.
Hydraulic Engine Mounts can adapt their characteristics depending on the induced load.
The viscous liquid in the Hydraulic Mount acts as a damper to ensure optimum insulation. Inside a Hydraulic Engine Mount, the main rubber spring has an upper and lower chamber. The chambers are connected by a series of canals and separated by a rubber valve.
The Transmission Mount controls the lateral movement of the drivetrain during acceleration and deceleration of the engine and transmission. The precise and controlled movement is critical, because if a Transmission Mounting is failing to control this movement, the selection of gears will feel imprecise. The use of quality materials of the exact construction is therefore vital for a Transmission Mountings correct operation.
The power impulses of the engine result in torsional vibration in the crankshaft, which as a result starts twisting back and forth at a high frequency, especially at low engine speed. Without a damping effect, the vibration would be transmitted through the accessory belt drive system and could lead to premature component failure.
The Anti-Roll Bar is mounted on the vehicles subframe or chassis by the means of two bushes. The positive connection of the bonded rubber bushes prevents relative movements between the anti-roll bar and the bonded rubber bush. The rotational movements of the anti-roll bar are absorbed in the mounting, as the vehicle is being driven on a wide variety of road surfaces. Achieving a high degree of efficiency to reduce NVH and increased driver comfort.
The design of Flexible Discs is used to absorb impact and shock forces to reduce drivetrain disturbances and prevent angular misalignment. Torque from the drivetrain is transmitted through loop packages made from special textile fibres using unique Tenpu® technology, which are then embedded in vulcanised rubber. This greatly reduces noise, vibration and harshness from the drivetrain and ensures maximum driver and passenger comfort.
The elastomer materials used in the production of rubber-to-metal parts are exactly matched to the technical requirements and loads of their specific installation.
The rubber components in rubber-to-metal parts cannot absorb all vibrations in the chassis. Therefore, hydraulically dampening elastomer bearings (hydro bearings) have been developed which consist of a metallic outer sleeve into which a specially shaped rubber material with fluid chambers and flow channels is embedded.
Due to the damping properties of the liquid occurring in addition to the rubber core, the optimum oscillation reduction is thus achieved even in higher frequency ranges with smaller amplitudes. Hydro bearings are mainly used in the models of premium vehicle builders.
Ferdinand Bilstein offers a wide range of hydraulic bearings for various European vehicle brands and models — of course, in tested OE matching quality.
SGF drive joints guarantee comfort. They effectively and safely dampen noise and vibrations in the vehicles of premium brands world-wide. Ferdinand Bilstein exclusively offers a complete assortment of OE-quality drive joints in the spare parts market.
Advantages of the SGF joint discs:
With ProKit, Ferdinand Bilstein offers an innovative product line, which saves workshops time and money, as febi ProKits are guaranteed to contain all the parts needed for the repair in question.
febi ProKit is the practically-oriented, tailored to the respective repair requirement solution. Workshops can carry out necessary repairs without delay, which doesn't just save time and money, but also increases customer satisfaction.
